Understanding Uniform Probability

Understanding Uniform Probability A discrete uniform likelihood circulation is one in which every single rudimentary occasion in the example space have an equivalent chance of happening. Accordingly, for a limited example space of size n, the likelihood of a basic occasion happening is 1/n. Uniform appropriations are exceptionally regular for beginning investigations of likelihood. The histogram of this conveyance will glance rectangular fit as a fiddle. Models One notable case of a uniform likelihood circulation is discovered when rolling a standard bite the dust. In the event that we expect that the bite the dust is reasonable, at that point every one of the sides numbered one through six has an equivalent likelihood of being rolled. There are six prospects, thus the likelihood that a two is moved is 1/6. Moreover, the likelihood that a three is moved is likewise 1/6. Another basic model is a reasonable coin. Each side of the coin, heads or tails, has an equivalent likelihood of arriving up. Hence the likelihood of a head is 1/2, and the likelihood of a tail is additionally 1/2. On the off chance that we expel the suspicion that the bones we are working with are reasonable, at that point the likelihood appropriation is not, at this point uniform. A stacked kick the bucket favors one number over the others, thus it would be bound to show this number than the other five. On the off chance that there is any inquiry, rehashed examinations would assist us with determining if the bones we are utilizing are truly reasonable and in the event that we can accept consistency. Suspicion of Uniform Ordinarily, for genuine situations, it is pragmatic to accept that we are working with a uniform dissemination, despite the fact that that may not really be the situation. We should practice alert while doing this. Such a presumption ought to be confirmed by some experimental proof, and we ought to obviously express that we are making a suspicion of a uniform appropriation. For a prime case of this, think about birthday celebrations. Studies have demonstrated that birthday events are not spread consistently. Because of an assortment of variables, a few dates have a greater number of individuals conceived on them than others. Be that as it may, the distinctions in prevalence of birthday celebrations are immaterial enough that for most applications, for example, the birthday issue, it is sheltered to expect that all birthday events (except for jump day) are similarly prone to happen.

Micro econmics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Small scale econmics - Essay Example When the US showcase tumbled the business sectors around the globe stuck to this same pattern. Some Asian markets even lost 40% (China)while others lost practically 60% (India) very quickly. Most experts hold the subprime loaning emergency as the main driver for the flow monetary lull. In their excitement to exceed different banks and get the most extreme number of clients, banks were prepared to loan any add up to anybody, without checking their credit value appropriately. Thus, numerous banks needed to close shop, including enormous names like Citibank and Merryl Lynch. A great many individuals the world over lost positions, organizations must be rescued and even go to government support for their working and presence. The most recent casualty is the vehicle mammoth, General Motors. Subsequent to being the notorious organization that it was, it needed to default on some loans and do a deal to the U.S government. The subprime loaning emergency doesn't appear to be a separated one in the money related world. Determined modern credit defaults and monstrous advance misfortunes have become a standard element in creating nations. As indicated by Hoque (2004) and the World Bank (1993), 150 advancement banks in 33 creating nations have been spooky by monstrous obligation default and advance misfortune. The present subprime contract emergency that hit the credit markets and banking frameworks is because of the monstrous increment in advance defaulters, in this manner driving the banks to fail. Mechanical Development Finance Institutions (IDFIs) structure the foundation of the economy in both creating and created nations. These organizations are relied upon to invigorate mechanical interest in both private and open segments in the nation. They assume the key job of infusing capital into the framework. In any case, an occupation greater than that is to mix capital with pioneering aptitudes to help mechanical progression in an immature economy. This is unequivocally what IDFIs are doing in a larger part of the

Defining a Random Sample in Research

Defining a Random Sample in Research Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print Random Samples in Research Studies How Subsets of Subjects Are Used for Research By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 09, 2020 Matt Lincoln / Cultura / Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers The term random sample comes up a lot when youre reading about medical research. Understanding this term can help you interpret those health studies you come across in the news and get a better grasp of how they may, or may not, apply to you. Simply put, a random sample is a subset of individuals randomly selected by researchers to represent an entire group as a whole. The goal is to get a sample of people that is representative of the larger population. For example, if researchers were interested in learning about  alcoholic use  among college students in the United States, the larger population (in other words, the group of interest), would be made up of every kid in every college and university in the country. It would be virtually impossible to interview each and every one of these people to find out if they drink, what types of alcohol they drink, how often, under what circumstances, how much (a beer or two per week versus enough to get intoxicated every weekend), and so forth. Instead of undertaking such a gargantuan task, scientists will pull together a random sample of college students to represent the total population of college students. How Researchers Create Random Samples Random sampling can be costly and time-consuming. However, this approach to gathering data for research does provide the best chance of putting together an unbiased sample that is truly representative of an entire group as a whole. Going back to the imaginary study of alcohol use among college students, heres how random sampling might work. According to the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES), approximately 20.2 million students were enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities in 2015, the most recent statistics available. These 20 million-plus individuals represent the total population to be studied. For the purpose of drawing a random sample of this group, all students must have an equal chance of being selected. For example, scientists conducting the study would need to make sure that the sample included the same percentage of men and women as the larger population. According to the NCES  statistics, 11.5 million of the total population of college students are female and 8.7 million are male. The sample group would need to reflect this same ratio of women to men. Besides gender, researchers would also want to go through the same process for other characteristicsâ€"for example, race, cultural background, year in school, socio-economic status, and so forth, depending on the specific purpose of the study. For instance, if they wanted to home in on alcohol use among Asian students, they would create a random sample consisting only of Asian students. By the same token, if the study was focused on how much students drink during the week, they would create a questionnaire or other method for finding only kids who drink on weekdays for their research. When you read a health study based on a random sample, be aware that the findings are based not on every single person in the population that fit certain criteria, but on a subset of subjects chosen to represent them. This should help you put the study in perspective.

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Buying The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics

Buying The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics The the Scarlet Letter Essay Topics Stories For people who understand the novel, a score of four or five stars is vital. The authors utilize an extremely innocent tone throughout their passages to demonstrate the essence of boyhood friendships. However, both characters are made to handle it in individual ways. Again, all the key characters are found at the scene. Choosing The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics While the absolutely free essays may give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used `as is' because they won't satisfy your assignment's requirements. Children play an assortment of roles within this novel. If you must review the novel, take a look at The Scarlet Letter Study Guide. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. The idea of Individual freedom plays a huge part in the creation of the chief character in The Scarlet Letter. This prompt is a superb choice if you would like to explore a single event or achievement that marked a very clear milestone in your private development. This isn't an instance of the work generated by our Essay Writing Service. Go over the use of the past within this novel. The Fundamentals of the Scarlet Letter Essay Topics Revealed Women always appear to be underestimated and stereotyped. To the majority of society, they are superior in almost every aspect. Speaking the truth is the most important. Hypocrisy and religion have a tendency to go together. New Step by Step Roadmap for the Scarlet Letter Essay Topics She had a lovely face. The kid is regarded as the embodiment of sin. She has to address children and grownups harassing her. The other children are especially cruel since they can sense that something isn't quite right about Hester and her little one. Key Pieces of the Scarlet Letter Essay Topics First, the scarlet letter that was supposed to be a punishment is in fact beautiful as it's the area where now Pearl rests. Roger Chillingworth dies within the calendar year, leaving Pearl a significant amount of property. Pearl was her only reason to reside. Pearl is a significant load to Hester. It's all an issue of opinion based on facts. This question was reworded for 2017-18, and the present language is an enormous improvement. If you're able to explain the idea in simple words, utilize an easy statement. Be sure to supply evidence from the text to back up your explanations. The Pain of the Scarlet Letter Essay Topics There is a particular irony in the manner in which this notion is worked out in The Scarlet Letter. The symbolism indicates the reader a different means to take a look at a concrete circumstance. From such themes you may learn a great deal of things. A theme is understood to be the major notion of a st ory. In passage I, the author indicates the boys using very easy and childish words to demonstrate that education or wealth wasn't an element in the invention of their friendship. Note you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems which need to be solved later on. Introducing your essay, you've got to grab the readers' interest. The reader gets to be aware of the narrator throughout the book just as if it's a personal relationship. Again, everybody is different so this wouldn't go for everybody, it is only a generalization. For instance you are able to compare how something in the book is viewed during their time and the way that it may be viewed in the current society. An individual might wonder whether that story would have the very same effect had it been placed in the current day and age. One of the greatest methods to understand a timeless story is to get a means to connect it with modern times. At exactly the same time, you are going to impress the college admissions folks greatly if it's possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options free of charge. The only portion of this dilemma that's certain is these questions were well debated previously, and will continue to be analyzed for several years to come. It turned out to be a miserable experience.

Why do men and women have such different experiences of health Free Essays

In looking at the question â€Å"Why do men and women have such different experiences of health†, I am going to look into topics such as Biological differences, Gender responsibilities, and Sociological explanations. The diversity in male and females health begins from puberty, usually around the age of ten to fifteen in both sexes. Young women begin their menstrual cycle at an average age of thirteen, so it is acceptable to say that they are aware of their Physical self early on in life, women are more likely to visit their doctor as a result of menstruation, and are also encouraged by their friends, family and the Media to seek medical advice when they have a concern about their sexual health, which would lead to Routine visits for smear tests, or contraceptive advice. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do men and women have such different experiences of health? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conversely young men would not usually bother to go to the doctor possibly for the reason that they do not want to cause a fuss, or even their peers dismiss their ailment, with comments similar to â€Å"be a man†. Another biological factor is connected to differences in physical make-up other than biological function. This view is based on different genetic features; for example women are generally smaller and so men are generally considered to be stronger. This view is, however fraught with inconsistencies because of the variations that obviously exist in physical attributes among men and women. It also ignores social and cultural factors that are vital to any appreciation of gender. Our ideas in society tend to construct gender differences in health problems, there appears to be some evidence that men take more risks than women such as dangerous sports, Violent activities and hazardous occupations. Although women tend to consult doctors more often statistics suggest they have more ill health, this could be because women in their socially produced gender roles are seen as more acceptable to show weakness and seek medical help and also if they are going to the doctor they are more likely to be diagnosed, possibly if men visited the doctor more often there would be a change in that statistic. In childbirth, reproduction, and mental health, women are more likely to be given prescriptions for anti-depressants or tranquillisers, men however are more likely to have alcohol problems, a more socially acceptable response to stress than it is for women, although statistics indicate that women are catching up with men in the drinking stakes. A woman’s role is often looking after everyone in the family so she tends to carry an added burden of stress with an attitude of having to soldier on with her responsibilities so she may be prone to physical and mental disorders. Victims of social and economic circumstances women tend to suffer from what is known as â€Å"housewife syndrome† the isolation and constant decision making involved in housework are very stressful as is the responsibility of looking after young children and managing a job, and of course we must not forget single mums they have the extra stress of either being on benefits and trying to feed themselves and their children as healthily as they can, or being the only wage earner trying to do the same with very little time to relax which is a contributing factor towards stress not forgetting, men are single parents as well and do suffer from the same financial factors as single mothers. In addition there are certain illnesses that women suffer from because of their biology such as post-natal depression, and the menopause, because women tend to live longer they are more likely to suffer from degenerative disorders like arthritis and senile dementia. And an alarming 21% of women suffer from some form of disability. Men are more at risk from Coronary heart disease and there is an increase in men only disorders such as Prostate, Testicular, and Bowel cancer. Gender social roles are becoming less important, girls are doing better than boys at school, they are more career minded than ever, the emphasis is on fending for themselves, its almost as if they don’t need men. So where does that leave men? There is substantial evidence that more and more men live alone, there is an increase in the rates of mental illness, suicide, and even eating disorders. Present day mobility, lack of roots, weakened family structure and increased pressure to succeed have all been suggested as playing a part in the growing trend toward high suicide rates in young men. There are more emotional support networks aimed at women, leaving men feeling isolated, although the last five years has seen a boom in men’s magazines such as FHM, Loaded and Maxim. These magazines investigate a large number of health issues concerning men, and they incorporate relevant medical information such as home examination of their testicals in a jocular light hearted way, they also contain contact numbers and advice lines, which must be a reasurance for men. The artefact theory suggests that the use of surveys for statistics is inaccurate because it fails to take into consideration the clinical iceberg where it is unknown how many people suffer illness as they don’t always report it, also most health care happens in the home, usually women treating symptoms by self care. In the case of postal surveys not everyone will respond and generally women fill in the forms for other family members. It is also unreliable because the figures relate to males of working age and not females, or older and younger people also statistics change all the time. However a survey carried out in 1992 showed that there were major gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour relating to health. These figures come from surveys like the General Household Survey (GHS) which is a continuous survey based on a small sample of the population resident in private households in the UK, included in this survey are questions on fertility, housing, health, employment and education. How to cite Why do men and women have such different experiences of health?, Papers

Progress Essays (176 words) - Copernican Revolution, Anglican Saints

Progress It started with pureness, then became sin. It didn't matter to people, they didn't follow. Ignorance, immorality, we just got worse. Until, one day He made a rainbow. It started all over again. Now people had to care. If they kept up their bad habits, they knew their future. So onward we went, our intelligence grew. Aristotle to Copernicus, "I thought we were the center!?" Then Kepler wrote Harmony of the Spheres. I didn't read it. Did you? But Newton it was who discovered Kepler's three laws. How are things put in orbit? No one really cares. We keep getting smarter but does anyone notice? It's taken for granted, I think I'll live. Einstein arrived with his crazy ideas. I forgot, what are they again? Humans progressed to things they could never imagine. We landed on the moon, but do your remember when? Now we're here with electronics and computers. Everything is digital. No one seems to care. Not many appreciate the progress that has led us here. But when will it start all over again? -James Hanson (Please use this poem only as a reference. Thanks.)

Camar case essays

Camar case essays Camar Automotive Hoist (CAH) is located in Lachine, Quebec in Canada. The company manufactures the Camar Lift, a surface scissor lift, which is known throughout the industry as the Cadillac of hoists. ... The following analysis of Camar Automotive Hoist will identify the companys problem, analyze the current situation, present expansion alternative recommendations and discuss implementation actions. The management of Camar Automotive Hoist must develop a strategic expansion plan in order to effectively meet the needs of the companys current and potential customers. ... These opportunities include the possibility of direct investment in Europe by building a plant to manufacture the Camar Lift, a joint venture with an established company in France, or licensing with the sane company to produce the lift. ... The market in Europe has been determined to be substantial, and management feels that there are distinct revenue possibilities in Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom for automotive lifts considering population and vehicle data. ... Camar Automotive Hoist (CAH) is located in Canada in Lachine, Quebec where the company manufactures and markets its surface automotive hoist, the Camar Lift. Automotive hoists are used by car service outlets to lift automobiles up in order to service them from underneath. The company distributes the Camar Lift in both Canada and the United States, and uses a sales force, a distributor in Canada, and a wholesaler in the United States to distribute the hoist in the automotive aftermarket industry. ... Automotive hoists are purchased by the various automotive outlets that repair and service cars including new-car dealers, used-car dealers, independent garages, and large chains such as Goodyear, Firestone and Canadian Tire. The hoist is used by mechanics and service engineers to perform repairs a ...

Tips on Measuring Distance on a Map

Tips on Measuring Distance on a Map A map represents a portion of  Earths surface. Because an accurate map represents a real area, each map has a scale that indicates the relationship between a certain distance on the map and the distance on the ground. The map scale is usually located in the legend box of a map, which explains the symbols and provides other important information about the map. A map scale can be printed in a variety of ways. Words Numbers Map Scale A ratio or representative fraction (RF) indicates how many units on Earths surface are equal to one unit on the map. It can be expressed as 1/100,000 or 1:100,000. In this example,  1 centimeter on the map could equal 100,000 centimeters (1 kilometer) on Earth. It could also mean that 1  inch on the map is equal to 100,000 inches on the real location (8,333 feet, 4 inches, or about 1.6 miles). Other common RFs include 1:63,360 (1 inch to 1 mile) and 1:1,000,000 (1 cm to 10 km). A word statement gives a written description of map distance, such as 1  centimeter equals 1 kilometer or 1 centimeter equals 10 kilometers. Obviously, the first map would show much more detail than the second, because 1 centimeter on the first map covers a much smaller area than on the second map. To find a real-life distance, measure the distance between two points on the map, whether inches or centimeters- whichever scale is listed- and then do the math. If 1 inch on the map equals 1 mile and the points youre measuring are 6 inches apart, theyre 6 miles apart in reality. Caution The first two methods of indicating map distance would be ineffective if the map is reproduced by a method such as photocopying with  the size of the map modified (zoomed in or reduced). If this occurs and one attempts to measure 1 inch on the modified map, its not the same as 1 inch on the original map. Graphic Scale A graphic scale  solves  the shrink/zoom  problem because it is simply a line marked with the distance on the ground that the map reader can use along with a ruler to determine scale on the map. In the United States, a graphic scale often includes both metric and U.S. common units. As long as the size of the graphic scale is changed along with the map, it will be accurate. To find a distance using a graphic  legend, measure the legend with a ruler to find its ratio; maybe 1 inch equals 50 miles, for instance. Then measure the distance between the points on the map and use that measurement to determine the real distance between those two places.  Ã‚   Large or Small Scale Maps are often known as large scale or small scale. A large-scale map refers to one that shows greater detail because the representative fraction (e.g., 1/25,000) is a larger fraction than a small-scale map, which would have an RF of 1/250,000 to 1/7,500,000. Large-scale maps will have an RF of 1:50,000 or greater (i.e., 1:10,000). Those between 1:50,000 to 1:250,000 are maps with an intermediate scale. Maps of the world that fit on two 8 1/2-by-11-inch pages are very small scale, about 1 to 100 million.

To make a lasting contribution in the media field Essay

To make a lasting contribution in the media field - Essay Example This shortage affects Middle East itself and affects the other nations who are involved in the region. The shortage of mentors and researchers will hinder the media aspirants to pursue the study. I planned to be skilled in Middle East media issues for such expertise is in urgent need. I foresee myself doing further researches, teaching and consulting work related to the media field. By pursuing PHD, I can now help my country by mentoring those who have great interest in the field of media and journalism and I am sure that your university will be the best place to help me achieve my goals. In my application for this studentship, I wanted to focus on "News Media and the Dynamics of Terrorism". I am confident that my academic background and job experiences are few of the many factors which will help me succeed in doing this research. First of all, I have the appropriate academic background and professional experience in the news editing, writing and analyzing. I have a 5 year experience in a newspaper and magazine company. I have also taken up master's education focusing in Media Production which is a scholarship granted to me by British Council. The background of my education alone gives me enough competence to deal with the researched subject which is to analyze and understand the audience reaction towards the "influence of news coverage to the general publics understanding of terrorism". Beside that, being a journalist from Middle East gives me a significant knowledge about the cultural dimension of the subject in which the research questions will be answer in full understanding of all related factors to the subject. My experience as an editor of the international and local news at the first page gives me an opportunity to learn more and do investigative reports on different topics Being born and raised in Arabic and Islamic country will help me in researching the "news coverage's influence on attitudes towards terrorism among subcultures understanding." Being a native in Arabic language, I can communicate to these communities effectively which is mainly Islamic "Pakistani" and Arabic communities residing in UK and consequently, I will be able to formulate a better solution to integrate them in the society. Methodology Along with consulting and direction from the project supervisor and after doing a deep theoretical research on the project, I plan to answer the project questions by using more than one research techniques. This research should be conducted in different stages and rolling the ball will motivate and extract publics' opinion toward the issue related to the subject. Surveys, questionnaires and interviews will be conducted to know the audience reaction and attitude toward the news coverage related to the terrorism news. These Surveys, questionnaires and interviews will encompass samples of the public audience and subculture sympathizers' audience. Random survey results will be representing the point of views of different types of correspondents. Interviews to media personalities like editors, producers and anybody related to media and communication industry will also be first-hand providers of information about many factors related to the

SEMESTER 1501 COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SEMESTER 1501 COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example The Labour party took power and halted the sales of the houses. This decision made Mr. Gibson sue the respondents claiming a breach of a binding contract. The county court and the court of appeal ruled in his favour but this was appealed to the House of Lords where the earlier decision was quashed. The dispute was a result of distinguishing between an offer and an invitation to treat. Notably, it should be comprehended that an offer is an expression of the desire to contract on various conditions upon acceptance while mere negotiations to enter into a given contract are not offers but invitations to treat. However, Geoffrey Lane LJ who was a court of appeal judge dissented and held there was no enforceable contract. The House of Lords unanimously allowed the appeal and made a final decision that there was no binding contract between the two parties. The principle behind the decision of the court of appeal was affirmed by Lord Denning. The honorable judge emphasized that the communication between the parties should be also established by their conduct. Their conduct had supposed a binding contract between them and this led to the parties coming into an agreement. The House of Lords had a unanimous approach in this case. The court affirmed that there was never an offer by the council available to be accepted or rejected. Therefore, if there was no offer in the first place then, a binding contract was not realized between the two parties. The council cannot be accused of breaching. Lord Diplock embraced the conventional approach which affirmed that there was never an offer which constituted to a legally enforceable contract. The conventional approach requires that the documents to be relied upon to be analyzed thoroughly and ascertained whether in their construction there can be found a contractual offer to sell the house and an acceptance of such an

The Real California Cheese Campaign Marketing Essay

The Real California Cheese Campaign Marketing Essay The Real California Cheese Campaign is a great example of a prosperous, positive promotional campaign. This campaign originated because of a study conducted by the Stanford Research Institute to improve the waning dairy industry in California. The California Milk Advisory Board (CMAB) is a state agency responsible for promoting California dairy products (Belch 297). The CMAB took the information from the study to develop and implement a highly effective integrated marketing communications plan. In order to have a profitable advertising campaign, there must be an integrated marketing communications plan in place. Our textbook defines integrated marketing communication as, a strategic business process used to plan, develop, execute and evaluate coordinated, measureable, persuasive brand communications programs over time with consumers, customers, prospects, employees, associates and other targeted relevant external and internal audiences. The goal is to generate both short-term financial returns and build long-term brand and shareholder value (Belch 12). The Happy Cows campaign did this for the cheese industry in California. First, there was the planning stage when the CMAB appointed the Stanford Research Institute to conduct a survey. Then the plan was developed and the CMAB decided to put the Real California Cheese seal on all their products for brand identity (Greenwald 1). The integrated marketing communication plan was implemented in 1985. This is when they started promo ting Real California Cheese with advertising on television and the radio, in newspapers and magazines, and outdoors. In 1995, the CMAB decided to have an emotional approach to their advertising campaign. During the years 1995 to 2000, the slogan for California cheese was Its the Cheese. In the year 2000, under the direction of a new advertising agency, Deutsch LA, the slogan Great Cheese comes from Happy Cows. Happy Cows come from California was introduced (Greenwald 2). In the text video, we watched some of these commercials and they are very funny and entertaining. This campaign portrayed a positive image for California cheese that customers will remember. Our textbook mentions this concept by stating, Marketers generally try to create agreeable messages that lead to positive feelings toward the product or service. Humorous messages often put consumers in a good mood and evoke positive feelings that may become associated with the brand being advertised (Belch 178). Our textbook al so points out that, Humorous ads are often the best known and best remembered of all advertising messages (Belch 199). One of the reasons this campaign is so successful is because people of all ages can understand and receive the message they are trying to portray to the customer. Lastly, the process was evaluated to get feedback from customers. During the evaluation process, people were asked if they recognized who the advertiser was in cheese advertisements and where the cheese they buy comes from (Greenwald 16). The integrated marketing communication plan for Real California Cheese is measureable because of the results of these surveys. It is also persuasive because their profits and consumption percentages have rose significantly because of this advertising campaign (Greenwald 7). Another reason this integrated marketing communication plan succeeded so well is that they used so many customer-orientated advertising sales promotional (Belch 23) tools in stores; for example: sampli ng, demonstrations, coupons, flyers, and banners (Greenwald 4). This success has definitely generated both short-term financial returns and build long-term brand and shareholder value (Belch 12) for this company. It initially increased sales, and continues to do so, as proven by the statistics on page 7 (Greenwald). The Real California Cheese seal played an important role in the success of the entire campaign. This universal indicator shows that the milk used to make the cheese is from California cows (Greenwald 1). Our textbook states that Positioning has been defined as the art and science of fitting the product or service to one or more segments of the broad market in such a way as to set it meaningfully apart from competition (Belch 56). The Real California Cheese seal is what differentiates this cheese from other cheeses in the market and is used as the primary symbol of their company. This seal is on every package of cheese made in California, as well as on restaurant menus that use the California cheese, and coupons for California cheese. This is an integral part of their integrated marketing communication plan. The Real California Cheese seal gives it brand identity (Greenwald 1). Our textbook describes brand identity as, a combination of many factors, including the name, logo, symbols, design, packaging, and performance of a product or service as well as the image or type of associations that comes to mind when consumers think about a brand (Belch 56). It made a big difference to the program because buyers of the cheese as well as products made with California cheese are easily recognized (Greenwald 1). The advertising agency was assigned to target women ages 25 to 54. They are the main buyer of cheese, have fairly higher earnings than average, and are most likely to be married with a family. They had a yearly budget of $33 million to spend for developing the campaign (Greenwald 3). The Happy Cows personality that was created can be described as fun and entertaining. They use humor and positive imagery in their advertising campaign. Our textbook points out that, One study found that people who enjoy a commercial are twice as likely as those who are neutral toward it to be convinced that the brand is the best (Belch 167). The pros of the campaign are that they were able to reach out to so many people in different ways. They used many different advertising outlets to reach a wide audience. They use mass marketing to advertise their product on radio and national television, as well as on outside billboards, and transportation shelters. In 2004 and 2005, they used mass marketing during the Super Bowl. They marketed Real California Cheese in stores by giving out coupons and samples. This was all part of their identity-building ad campaign (Greenwald 3). They advertise in retail outlets, in the food service industry, and at various trade shows as well (Greenwald 3-5). They actively advertised their campaign, making sure it was positive, and included the Real California Cheese seal. The con of this advertising approach is that it costs a lot of money to maintain. No advertising approach can be continued indefinitely. As we saw in the text video, they have added different animals in their commercials, such as bulls and sheep, which give the commercials more variety. Since internet advertising is constantly growing, they will need to expand their advertising presence on the internet. They already have their own website, but they should expand to advertising on other websites, such as Google or Facebook, which is very popular these days. There are three main consumer promotion tools used by the CMAB, cross-promotions in-store that utilize instant redeemable coupons, in-store product sampling, and self-liquidating premium offers (Greenwald 5). These tactics allow customers to save money, not only on the cheese, but also with products that go with cheese. It allows potential customers to try before they buy the products. They can also have souvenirs of the Happy Cow campaign with merchandise bought from the website. This way is used to reinforce the advertising by keeping the merchandise fresh in the consumers mind with the primary objective of repeat customers (Greenwald 5). Public relations is used as part of the integrated marketing communications program by having articles in premium food magazines tout their many awards for their advertising as well as recipes that use Real California Cheese. Along with their advertising awards, they have won international cheese competitions that are covered by the press. Stories about how the cheese is made are also part of their public relations program. They use different types of magazines and newspapers depending on the angle of interest of the target audience. Not only magazines centered on food are used, but also travel magazines or travel sections of the newspaper are used to reach different audiences (Greenwald 6). The Real California Cheese website homepage exhibits the certification seal for Real California Cheese. This is one way that the seal reinforces the integrated marketing communications program. Other things on the website are: videos of television ads, Happy Cow merchandise and cheese for sale, coupons, maps, recipes, articles, game section for kids, professional section for chefs and restaurant operators (Greenwald 6). All of these things support the other parts of the integrated marketing communications program by putting their name and logo out there so it stays prominent in the customers mind (Greenwald 5). The CMAB used customer surveys to evaluate their IMC program (Greenwald 16). They have won many awards for their creative Happy Cows campaign, so this is another way it has been evaluated. The companys statistics give a numerical indication of the success of the campaign. The cheese production has significantly increased since the start of the campaign because of the increasing demand for Real California Cheese, even internationally (Greenwald 7). Customer satisfaction is a very big part of the success of any campaign. Therefore, they should continue with the coupons and sampling of the product and focus on that. Customer trends are ever changing and no one really knows what the next trend will be. I came up with a few ideas, and then looked at the Real California Cheese website, and most of them were already on there. The Real California Cheese website is full of useful information and different activities (www.realcaliforniacheese.com). One idea that I am pretty sure they have not done yet is having a Happy Cow jingle about Real California Cheese. The cows could hum the jingle while they are grazing contently in the pasture. Janice and Diane could sing the jingle on radio commercials. This jingle could be made into a ring-tone for cell phones. This would reinforce their message by keeping it prominent in the customers mind (Greenwald 5). Another idea I thought of is to have a Happy Cow costume that an employee could wear at events, such as trade shows. This Happy Cow character could be at a restaurant when they first introduce Real California Cheese on the menu, like a grand opening ceremon y. The Happy Cow character would definitely carry the Real California Cheese seal. The California Milk Advisory Board really got it right when they came up with this integrated marketing communications plan. They went through all the stages of a successful integrated marketing communications plan: plan, develop, execute, and evaluate (Belch 12). It has all the elements of success. It is appropriate for all ages, humorous, creative, positive, and non-offensive. The website contains a wealth of information about Real California Cheese, including recipes, coupons, sustainability, and nutritional information. There are also fun activities, videos, pictures, and contests (www.realcaliforniacheese.com).

Supporting A Family

Due to the present economy, individuals must have a varied career in order to support their families above the poverty line. While this can provide an individual with a stressful existence it also provides them with the ability to become a stronger person from within. Companies are resorting to part-time employees in order to cut overhead costs. With a company resorting to part-time workers they can cut the cost of having benefits as well as lower wages. For the worker this begins a long week of working up to seven days just to obtain the typical 40 hours. This is an exhausting endeavor. This increases the amount of time a child must spend in daycare which in turn increases the costs concerned with the day care center. The parent feels that they are almost always on the go just to support their family. Unfortunately this takes time away from the family. It also increases the family cost, as they must shoulder the burden of paying for medical and dental costs. A positive aspect to having a varied career is the learned ability to become competent in many positions. This allows the individual a wider range in possible jobs. From a personal viewpoint this can and will provide the individual with a greater self-worth. Sometimes this inability to obtain permanent work with result in an individual going back to school. This would be to obtain the necessary degree that would result in a better or more secure employment position. I am personally in this category. I have decided after 10 years of being in the work world to return to school. During those 10 years I worked at least 5 different jobs. This was defiantly not rewarding to my self-esteem and to my family as they have had to cope with poverty. I have returned to school so that I may provide my family with enough funds to raise them above the poverty level and to provide myself with job security. The way that the current economy works seems to benefit the employer not the employee. I hope that the future will provide more for the worker with job security. The ability to have a single rewarding lifelong career seems to have been lost within the system.

Essay on Social Theorists - 1569 Words

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Student Learning Outcomes Business Law - 1535 Words

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